final:)) 9/29/10

BIOCHEMISTRY - BSMT2D :))

CEDELES, CHARITY
HAGHANI RAD, NASRIN
PEREZ, REISS
RAHIMI, KIMIA


DNA Replication.1

http://www.youtube.com/user/garlandscience#p/c/86FB28667714C01D/3/-mtLXpgjHL0

This video is from:
Essential Cell Biology, 3rd Edition
Alberts, Bray, Hopkin, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, & Walter
ISBN: 978-0-8153-4129-1

In a replication fork, two DNA polymerases collaborate to copy the leading-strand template and the lagging-strand template DNA. This video shows the process by which DNA replication occurs. Achieving bilateral symmetry doesn't requireseparate sets of genes for each side.
I see lots of beauty and art in nature as well. Amazing example of irreducible complexity. This the most efficient, significant process inthe world. So finely tuned and designed, so much more than humans could ever produce on this scale.
Absolutely amazing, we were completely perplexed over the "backwards" description of the copying. So I was amazed to find this animation. Even then it’s taken me a couple of seconds to figure out what is happening because it is so fast.
DNA REPLICATION
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z685FFqmrpo&feature=related
-SIMPLE VERSION
In DNA replication T always pairs with A
A pairs with U during transcription in protein synthesis where complementary RNA bases are paired with the DNA on the sense strand.
"A double strand of DNA unwinds" make it seems like a spontaneous process, which isn't. At the body temperature, large activation energy is required to unwind DNA; and denatured strands anneal back.

DNA TRANSCRIPTION:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsofH466lqk
Molecules in the cell bump and jiggle and drift all the time. When they bump in such a way as to cause a reaction, a reaction occurs. This is a bit like kids in a mosh pit. They move fairly randomly around the crowd. When one friend finds another, he lifts him up to crowdsurf. If one finds his girlfriend, they hold hands. Substitute chemical affinity for friendship, and think of lifting the friend up as a reaction.
-Great clip! Clearly explains transcription!
-During transcription, the DNA needs to be single stranded to create an mRNA strand..
-Showing the template strand (non-coding) which is used by RNA polymerase to form a mRNA strand

DNA TRANCRITION:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztPkv7wc3yU&feature=related

BLUE blob going through the helix: That's called RNA polymerase, it's the enzyme that copies RNA using one of the DNA strands as a template

It's a great video... some mistakes here and there, but it's good overall.:))

TRANSLATION:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bLEDd-PSTQ

PROCESS OF TRANSLATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
-The codons found within the mRNA.
-The small subunit of the ribosome attached to the mRNA.
-A tRNA molecule.
-The tRNA anti-codon is complementary to the mRNA codon.
-The amino acid known as methionine.
-The first tRNA molecule attaches to the first site of translation.
-The second tRNA molecule attaches to the second site of translation.
-The amino acid from the first tRNA is transferred to the amino acid on the second tRNA.
-The first tRNA exits, the ribosome moves, a new tRNA enters, and the process is repeated.
-The process is repeated many times, and a peptide, or strand of amino acids, is formed.
-The release factor enters.
-Translation, or protein synthesis, ends.
-The completed peptide is released.

mRNA ININIATION ELONGATION TERMINATION

END: Protein synthesis is now complete. The peptide chain is ready to act as a protein or be combined with other chains to form larger, polypeptide proteins.

TRANSLATION.1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zb6r1MMTkc&feature=related

Pretty amazing that stuff like this occurs naturally. Starting to see why intelligent design people think the way they do.

"E site" next to the "P site" and "A site": EXIT - POLIPEPTIDE - AND ARRIVE

Start and stop codons used to separate genes: start and stop codons are more a matter of translation (mRNA to protein) than a matter of gene separation. Genes in DNA are not necessarily contiguous sequences; that gets rather complicated. But within the gene there would be tri-nucleotides complementary to start and stop codons. As you know, the start and stop codon simply indicate where the protein product is to start and stop